4 guarantees that make a database transaction reliable

  • A: Atomicity
    • A transaction is “all or nothing.”
  • C: Consistency
    • Rules/constraints stay valid before and after the transaction.
  • I: Isolation
    • Concurrent transactions don’t interfere; no one sees half-finished work.
  • D: Durability
    • Once committed, data won’t be lost even after crashes/power failure.